
Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α and TGF-β signaling interact to promote normoxic glomerular fibrogenesis
Author(s) -
Christian Hanna,
Susan Hubchak,
Xiaoyan Liang,
Benaya RozenZvi,
Paul T. Schumacker,
Tomoko Hayashida,
H. William Schnaper
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
american journal of physiology. renal physiology./american journal of physiology. renal physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1931-857X
pISSN - 1522-1466
DOI - 10.1152/ajprenal.00155.2013
Subject(s) - transforming growth factor , downregulation and upregulation , hypoxia inducible factors , glomerulosclerosis , signal transduction , biology , transcription factor , microbiology and biotechnology , medicine , endocrinology , chemistry , cancer research , kidney , biochemistry , gene , proteinuria
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors consisting of an oxygen-sensitive α-subunit binding to a stable β-subunit. HIFs regulate multiple signaling pathways that could contribute to fibrogenesis, supporting their potential role in hypoxia-mediated renal fibrosis. We previously reported that HIF-1 is upregulated and required for transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induction of collagen in renal tubular cells. Here, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies of potential glomerular crosstalk between TGF-β and normoxic HIF signaling. HIF-α has two major isoforms, HIF-1α and HIF-2α with different target gene sets. In cultured human mesangial cells, TGF-β1 treatment increased both HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression in normoxia. TGF-β1 did not increase HIF-1α/2α mRNA levels nor decrease the rate of protein degradation, suggesting that it enhances HIF-1α/2α expression through translation. TGF-β receptor (ALK5) kinase activity was required for increased, TGF-β-stimulated HIF-α expression in response to TGF-β, and inhibiting PI3-kinase markedly decreased HIF-α expression. Blocking HIF-1α/2α expression using siRNA decreased basal and TGF-β1-stimulated type I collagen expression, while overexpressing nondegradable HIF-α increased the collagen response, with HIF-2α being significantly more effective than HIF-1α. In adriamycin-induced mouse glomerulosclerosis, HIF-2α target genes were upregulated in sclerosing glomeruli. Taken together, our data demonstrate potential signaling interaction between TGF-β and HIFs to promote renal fibrogenesis in normoxia and suggest that the HIF-2α isoform is more important during glomerulosclerosis.