Review—Recent Advancements in Neuroelectrochemistry of Disease Biomarkers

This article provides a brief overview of how electrochemical methods are applied in analysis of neurodegeneration biomarkers, their biochemistry and detection. It introduces the basic concepts of solution- or surface-based electrochemical methods to probe self-assembly and aggregation of peptides and proteins. The label-free approach is applied to analysis of neurotransmitters and peptides, such as Amyloid-β and α-synuclein, with inherent redox active amino acids. It also highlights the labeled approaches for detection of enzyme-catalyzed transformations of neuronal proteins, such as tau. Given the flexibility of electrochemical methods, the detection of interactions between metal ions and biomolecules of the brain has also been demonstrated.