Open AccessNanocrystalline TiO2(B) as Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Author(s) -
LiMing Wu,
Dominic Bresser,
Daniel Buchholz,
Stefano Passerini
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of the electrochemical society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.258
H-Index - 271
eISSN - 1945-7111
pISSN - 0013-4651
DOI - 10.1149/2.0091502jes
Subject(s) - nanocrystalline material , materials science , electrolyte , dielectric spectroscopy , electrochemistry , anode , chemical engineering , sodium , lithium (medication) , nanoparticle , ethylene glycol , electrode , phase (matter) , inorganic chemistry , nanotechnology , chemistry , metallurgy , organic chemistry , engineering , medicine , endocrinology
High surface area, nanostructured, and phase-pure TiO2(B) noodles-like secondary particles were successfully synthesized by afacile one-pot synthesis, based on the hydrolysis of TiCl3 using a mixture of ethylene glycol and water at moderate temperature. Theprimary nanoparticles have a uniform size and are about 15 nm in diameter as determined by TEM analysis and exhibit an increasedexposure of the (010) facet as indicated by XRD analysis. Unlike the electrochemical reaction with lithium, the application as sodiumionelectrode material reveals substantial differences, including the initial amorphization of the TiO2(B) particles, accompanied bya partial irreversibility of the sodium storage, presumably related to sodium trapping inside the active material particles and theabsence of a stable solid electrolyte interphase, as indicated by galvanostatic cycling and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,respectively. Besides, TiO2(B)-based electrodes show a stabilized reversible capacity of about 100 mAh g−1 and a very good C ratecapability