Impact of Deposition Condition on the Morphology and Electrochemical Performance of Deposited F-Doped PbO2 on Graphite Substrate in Primary PbO2-Zn Battery

The impact of deposition process parameters (temperature, current density, Pb 2+ concentration, and time of deposition) on morphology, electrical resistance, and discharge performance of a graphite/PbO 2 cathode in a PbO 2 /zinc primary battery was investigated. The morphology, architecture, and phase composition of the PbO 2 deposits were studied by FESEM, EDX, and XRD. The AC impedance and discharge tests were utilized for the exploration of the interfacial process and discharge performance of PbO 2 deposits. The results indicate that the increment in temperature and decrease in current density leads to increased growth of PbO 2 deposits with mainly β phase, formation of porous architecture, and a decrease in the charge transfer resistance (R ct ). Also, with an increase in the deposition time to 30 min the R ct is increased due to the formation of PbO 2 deposit with more uniform and compact structure. The deposition from 0.1 mol l ‒1 Pb 2+ solutions results in the formation of flower-like grains, a more porous surface, and lower R ct . However, because of concentration polarization, the PbO 2 deposit prepared from 0.5 mol l ‒1 of Pb 2+ solutions, 55 °C temperature, 40 mA cm ‒2 current density, and 15 min deposition time shows the best discharge performance.