Open AccessSestrins in Physiological Stress Responses
Author(s) -
Myung-Jin Kim,
Allison H. Kowalsky,
Jun Hee Lee
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
annual review of physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 10.475
H-Index - 207
eISSN - 1545-1585
pISSN - 0066-4278
DOI - 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-092317
Subject(s) - mediator , context (archaeology) , hormesis , oxidative stress , signal transduction , protein kinase b , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , skeletal muscle , homeostasis , biochemistry , endocrinology , paleontology
Sestrins are a family of proteins that respond to a variety of environmental stresses, including genotoxic, oxidative, and nutritional stresses. Sestrins affect multiple signaling pathways: AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin complexes, insulin-AKT, and redox signaling pathways. By regulating these pathways, Sestrins are thought to help adapt to stressful environments and subsequently restore cell and tissue homeostasis. In this review, we describe how Sestrins mediate physiological stress responses in the context of nutritional and chemical stresses (liver), physical movement and exercise (skeletal muscle), and chemical, physical, and inflammatory injuries (heart). These findings also support the idea that Sestrins are a molecular mediator of hormesis, a paradoxical beneficial effect of low- or moderate-level stresses in living organisms.