Open AccessInhomogeneous Large Deformation Study on Magneto-Thermal Sensitive Hydrogels
Author(s) -
Jianying Hu,
William Toh,
Teng Yong Ng,
Nan Jiang,
Liangsong Zeng,
Jianke Du,
Zishun Liu
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
international journal of applied mechanics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.704
H-Index - 38
eISSN - 1758-826X
pISSN - 1758-8251
DOI - 10.1142/s1758825121500538
Subject(s) - self healing hydrogels , finite element method , materials science , deformation (meteorology) , mechanics , thermal , magnetism , magneto , work (physics) , magnetic field , bifurcation , magnetic nanoparticles , field (mathematics) , composite material , thermodynamics , nanotechnology , nanoparticle , nonlinear system , physics , condensed matter physics , polymer chemistry , mathematics , power (physics) , quantum mechanics , pure mathematics
Due to the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), magnetically tuneable hydrogels have attracted considerable attention recently due to their ability to undergo remotely controlled large deformation. This work investigates the mechanics of the large deformation from the thermodynamics perspective for magneto-thermal sensitive hydrogels. The chemical thermodynamics of a temperature sensitive gel is first recapped before moving on to the thermodynamics of magnetism. Furthermore, an explicit energy form for the magneto-thermal sensitive hydrogel is adopted. The proposed field theory is implemented in a finite element method through the UHYPER subroutine. The finite element simulation results have been validated with analytical solutions at various temperatures and magnetic field strengths for MNPs entrapped PNIPAM hydrogel. We also utilize the numerical models to explain the interesting phenomena, including micro valves, bifurcation, and the opening of gel capsule for drug release delivery. The numerical deformation pattern for bifurcation is consistent with the experimental pattern, thus illustrating our theory and numerical method can provide future perspectives for device design of magneto-thermal sensitive hydrogel.