Open AccessA Sample Size Calculator for SMART Pilot Studies
Author(s) -
Hwanwoo Kim
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
siam undergraduate research online
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2327-7807
DOI - 10.1137/15s014058
Subject(s) - calculator , randomized controlled trial , computer science , psychological intervention , intervention (counseling) , scale (ratio) , sample size determination , set (abstract data type) , sample (material) , medicine , mathematics , statistics , nursing , chromatography , quantum mechanics , programming language , operating system , physics , chemistry , surgery
In clinical practice, as well as in other areas where interventions are provided, a sequential individualized approach to treatment is often necessary, whereby each treatment is adapted based on the object's response. An adaptive intervention is a sequence of decision rules which formalizes the provision of treatment at critical decision points in the care of an individual. In order to inform the development of an adaptive intervention , scientists are increasingly interested in the use of sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMART ), which is a type of multi-stage randomized trial where individuals are randomized repeatedly at critical decision points to a set treatment options. While there is great interest in the use of SMART and in the development of adaptive interventions , both are relatively new to the medical and behavioral sciences. As a result, many clinical researchers will first implement a SMART pilot study (i.e., a small-scale version of a SMART ) to examine feasibility and acceptability considerations prior to conducting a full-scale SMART study. A primary aim of this paper is to introduce a new methodology to calculate minimal sample size necessary for conducting a SMART pilot.