Nasal mite of dogs Pneumonyssus (Pneumonyssoides) caninum in Iran

Risk factors for CJD in Europe A RETROSPECTIVE study of 405 patients with definite or probable CJD in six EU countries compared data from 405 controls during the same period (1993-95). The findings suggested that genetic factors other than the known CJD mutations may play an important part in CJD. latrogenic transmission of disease seemed rare. No evidence was found for an increased risk of CJD with occupational exposure to cows, nor to consumption of beef, veal, lamb or milk products. The few positive findings of this study, which notes that the first case of nvCJD was diagnosed in 1995, that is at the conclusion of this study period, included increased risk in relation to consumption of raw meat (relative risk 1.63), brain (RR 1.68), frequent exposure to leather products (RR 1-94) and exposure to hoof and horn-containing fertiliser (RR 2.32). Additional analyses involving country and pre-1985 and post-1985 exposure suggests that these results should be interpreted with great caution. VAN DUIJN, C. M., DELASNERIE-LAUPRETRE, N., MASULLO, C., ZERR, I., DE SILVA, R. & OTHERS (1998) Lancet 351, 1081 Salivary gland necrosis in 19 dogs SALIVARY gland necrosis in dogs is characterised by enlarged, hard, painful salivary glands, retching and vomiting or regurgitation. The cause is unknown. In a retrospective study of 19 dogs with these signs underlying associations were identified in 16 of them. They included Spirocerca lupi infestation in seven, megaoesphagus in three, and oesophagitis, oesphageal diverticulum, giardiasis and suspected autoimmune sialadenitis. Almost all these lesions involved the oesophagus, and when they were treated successfully the salivary glands returned to normal and the clinical signs resolved. It is suggested that an afferent vagal reflex may be involved, and that the mechanism may be similar to the neural pathogenesis suggested for hypertrophic osteopathy, with the efferent targets being the salivary glands rather than the limbs. SCHROEDER, H. & BERRY, W. L. (1998) Journal ofSmall Animal Practice 39, 121 Carprofen and pethidine as postoperative analgesics for cats THE postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of a dose of 4-0 mg carprofen/kg bodyweight, given subcutaneously before surgery to 57 cats, were compared with the effects of a dose of 3-3 mg pethidine/kg, given intramuscularly after surgery to 59 cats. Further doses of either drug were allowed if the cat appeared to be suffering unacceptable pain. Significantly fewer of the cats treated with carprofen required additional doses, and their mean pain scores were significantly lower from four hours after an ovariohysterectomy, and from 18 to 24 hours after castration. The levels of analgesia induced by carprofen was as good as that provided by pethidine but lasted for at least 24 hours. Carprofen can thus provide 'pre-emptive' analgesia for cats about to undergo surgery. BALMER, T. V., IRVINE, D., JONES, R. S., ROBERTS, M. J., SLINGSBY, L., TAYLOR, P. M., WATERMAN, A. E. & WATERS, C. (1998) Journal of Small Animal Practice 39, 158 552