Common dermatoses of ornamental fish and amphibian

WHILE fish and amphibians are rarely seen in most general practices, it is helpful to have some knowledge for the occasional pet goldfish or frog. Many of these cases will involve skin problems. The most likely fish species to be presented are pond fish, mainly cyprinids (carp and goldfish), and tropical tank fish. A wider range of amphibians may be presented and these will usually be frogs and toads (order Anura) or newts and salamanders (order Caudata/Urodela); the third order of amphibians ‐ the limbless caecilians ‐ are extremely rare in captivity in the UK. Amphibians may be largely or totally aquatic, or mainly terrestrial. Aquatic species or life stages are subject to many fish parasites and similar health problems to fish. This article describes the common skin pathogens and presentations that the practitioner may encounter and provides diagnostic and treatment guidelines for these occasional patients.