Ultrasonography of the larynx in horses: an update

Laryngeal ultrasonography is a useful adjunctive diagnostic technique for investigation of upper airway disorders in horses. A transcutaneous examination can be completed using equipment that is widely available to the practitioner and adds minimal time to the examination. Characteristic ultrasonographic findings of conditions such as recurrent laryngeal neuropathy, arytenoid chondritis and congenital malformations have been documented. Although upper airway endoscopy should remain the cornerstone of investigation of these disorders, ultrasonography provides additional clinically relevant information.