Growth deformities of the long bones in dogs

Growth deformities are an important cause of pain and lameness in dogs. Early detection allows appropriate management strategies to be instituted that optimise clinical outcome. Many long bone growth deformities result in problems in adjacent joints, including joint incongruity, instability and osteoarthritis. The abnormalities affecting bones and joints are often complex. While some dogs can be managed conservatively, many require surgery to correct limb alignment and improve joint morphology and function. Some surgical techniques are complex and require advanced training to minimise the risk of complications. This article reviews the most common long bone growth deformities in the dog, with particular emphasis on diagnosis and management.