Open AccessBrainstem encephalitis caused by Coxsackie A16 virus in a rituximab-immunosuppressed patient
Author(s) -
Ruaridh Cameron Smail,
John O’Neill,
David Andresen
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
bmj case reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.231
H-Index - 26
ISSN - 1757-790X
DOI - 10.1136/bcr-2019-230177
Subject(s) - medicine , rituximab , immunosuppression , enterovirus , encephalitis , immunology , virology , population , brainstem , virus , lymphoma , environmental health
Rituximab and other B cell depleting agents are increasingly used for haematological, immunological and neurological diseases. In a small minority, immunosuppression leads to increased virulence of normally mild infections. Brainstem encephalitis has been described occurring after infection from enteroviruses, more commonly in the paediatric population, but also in immunosuppressed adults. In this paper, we describe an enteroviral brainstem encephalitis in a rituximab-immunosuppressed patient. The enterovirus identified was Coxsackie A16, which has never yet been reported to cause brainstem encephalitis in an adult.