Open AccessHIV-2 Drug Resistance Genotyping from Dried Blood Spots
Author(s) -
Da. Raugi,
Robert S Nixon,
Sally S. Leong,
Khadim Faye,
Jean Phillipe Diatta,
Fatima Sall,
Robert A. Smith,
ElHadji Ibrahima Sall,
Jean Jacques Malomar,
Moussa Seydi,
Geoffrey S. Gottlieb
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of clinical microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.349
H-Index - 255
eISSN - 1070-633X
pISSN - 0095-1137
DOI - 10.1128/jcm.02303-20
Subject(s) - dried blood spot , drug resistance , genotyping , dried blood , antiretroviral drug , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , hiv drug resistance , viral load , drug , medicine , antiretroviral therapy , virology , lentivirus , sida , immunology , genotype , viral disease , biology , pharmacology , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , biochemistry , genetics , chromatography , gene
The treatment of HIV-2 in resource-limited settings (RLS) is complicated by the limited availability of HIV-2-active antiretroviral drugs and inadequate access to HIV-2 viral load and drug resistance testing. Dried blood spots (DBS)-based drug resistance testing, widely studied for HIV-1, has not been reported for HIV-2 and could present an opportunity to improve care for HIV-2-infected individuals. We selected 150 DBS specimens from ongoing studies of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-2 infection in Senegal and subjected them to genotypic drug resistance testing. Total nucleic acid was extracted from DBS, reverse transcribed, PCR amplified, and analyzed by population-based Sanger sequencing, and major drug resistance-associated mutations (RAM) were identified. Parallel samples from plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were also genotyped. We obtained 58 protease/reverse transcriptase genotypes. Plasma viral load was significantly correlated with genotyping success ( P < 0.001); DBS samples with corresponding plasma viral load >250 copies/ml had a success rate of 86.8%. In paired DBS-plasma genotypes, 83.8% of RAM found in plasma were also found in DBS, and replicate DBS genotyping revealed that a single test detected 86.7% of known RAM. These findings demonstrate that DBS-based genotypic drug resistance testing for HIV-2 is feasible and can be deployed in RLS with limited infrastructure.