Uneven Distribution of Mating Types among Genotypes of Candida glabrata Isolates from Clinical Samples

In order to shed light on its basic biology, we initiated a population genetic analysis ofCandida glabrata , an emerging pathogenic yeast with no sexual stage yet recognized. A worldwide collection of clinical strains was subjected to analysis using variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) at nine loci. The clustering of strains obtained with this method was congruent with that obtained using sequence polymorphism of theNMT1 gene, a locus previously proposed for lineage assignment. Linkage disequilibrium supported the hypothesis of a mainly clonal reproduction. No heterozygous diploid genotype was found. Minimum-spanning tree analysis of VNTR data revealed clonal expansions and associated genotypic diversification. Mating type analysis revealed that 80% of the strains examined areMAT a and 20%MAT α and that the two alleles are not evenly distributed. TheMAT a genotype dominated within large clonal groups that contained only one or a fewMAT α types. In contrast, two groups were dominated byMAT α strains. Our data are consistent with rare independent mating type switching events occurring preferentially from typea to α, although the alternative possibility of selection favoring typea isolates cannot be excluded.