Location and Consequences of 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis( p -Chlorophenyl) Ethane Uptake by Bacillus megaterium

No detrimental effects of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p -chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) were observed when cells ofBacillus megaterium were grown from small inocula in nutrient media containing up to 100 μg of DDT/ml. However, when the ratio of DDT to biomass of resting cells was held constant, levels of DDT as low as 1 μg/ml (0.5 μg/mg of cell dry weight) enhanced the rate of death in the population. The lethal action of DDT was both time- and dose-dependent so that higher doses required less time to effect the same killing than did lower doses. Intact cells bound a maximum of about 1.7 μg of DDT/mg of cell dry weight, of which about 75% was localized in the protoplast membrane. Much of the bound DDT was subsequently lost to the suspending medium and the aqueous stability of the returned DDT was enhanced, possibly by association with solubilized cell materials. A small quantity of bound DDT was converted to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p -chlorophenyl)ethane, which was released from cells somewhat faster than DDT. Apparently the lethal action of DDT was related to its binding in the membrane, but respiration was not inhibited. The atypical macroscopic appearance of membranes isolated from treated cells suggested that cell death may result from altered membrane chemistry.