Open AccessEffects of aggregation and solvent on the toxicity of amphotericin B to human erythrocytes
Author(s) -
Philippe Legrand,
Eneida A. Romero,
Benjamin E. Cohen,
Jacques Bolard
Publication year - 1992
Publication title -
antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.07
H-Index - 259
eISSN - 1070-6283
pISSN - 0066-4804
DOI - 10.1128/aac.36.11.2518
Subject(s) - chemistry , dimethyl sulfoxide , monomer , aqueous solution , toxicity , amphotericin b , stock solution , solvent , chromatography , solubility , centrifugation , biochemistry , organic chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , antifungal , polymer
In aqueous suspensions of amphotericin B (AmB), a polyene antibiotic and antifungal agent, three forms of AmB coexist: monomers, water-soluble oligomers, and non-water-soluble aggregates. The toxicity of the water-soluble self-associated form of AmB compared with that of the non-water-soluble self-associated form was tested by measuring induction of K+ leakage from human erythrocytes, using different suspensions containing the antibiotic and phosphate-buffered saline. These suspensions were obtained from various stock solutions of the antibiotic in dimethyl formamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. Their circular dichroism spectra around 340 nm, indicative of the degree of AmB self-association, were strongly dependent on the concentration of organic solvent in the suspensions. The nonsoluble self-associated form was separated from the water-soluble form by centrifugation. The nonsoluble form was favored by a high concentration of AmB of the stock solution. The kinetics of AmB-induced K+ leakage from human erythrocytes also appeared to be strongly dependent on the AmB concentration of the stock solution being much weaker with concentrated stock solutions. It was concluded that the only form of AmB toxic to human erythrocytes is the water-soluble self-associated form (in contrast with fungal cells on which the monomeric form is also active). This result may be important in the design of new less toxic AmB derivatives and in the understanding of the mechanism of action of liposomal AmB.