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Directly testing proposed clinical dosing regimens in nonclinical studies can reduce the risk during the development of novel antibacterial agents. Optimal dosing regimens can be identified in animal models by testing recreated human pharmacokinetic profiles. An example of this approach using continuous intravenous infusions of GSK1322322 in immunocompetent rats to evaluate recreated human exposures from phase I trials in pneumonia models with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae and an abscess model with Staphylococcus aureus is presented. GSK1322322 was administered via continuous intravenous infusion to recreate 1,000- or 1,500-mg oral doses every 12 h in humans. Significant reductions ( P ≤ 0.05 for all comparisons) in bacterial numbers compared with those for the baseline controls were observed for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae (mean log 10 reductions, 1.6 to ≥2.7 and 1.8 to 3.3 CFU/lungs, respectively) with the recreated 1,000-mg oral dose. This profile was also efficacious against S. aureus (mean log 10 reduction, 1.9 to 2.4 CFU/abscess). There was a nonsignificant trend for improved efficacy against S. aureus with the 1,500-mg oral dose (mean log 10 reduction, 2.4 to 3.1 CFU/abscess). These results demonstrate that the human oral 1,000- or 1,500-mg exposure profiles of GSK1322322 recreated in rats were effective against representative community-associated pathogens and supported selection of the 1,500-mg oral dose given every 12 h for a phase II clinical skin infection study. Furthermore, this work exemplifies how the testing of recreated human pharmacokinetic profiles can be incorporated into the development process and serve as an aid for selecting optimal dosing regimens prior to conducting large-scale clinical studies.

antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Reducing Antibacterial Development Risk for GSK1322322 by Exploring Potential Human Dose Regimens in Nonclinical Efficacy Studies Using Immunocompetent Rats