
Phase I EnACT Trial of the Safety and Tolerability of a Novel Oral Formulation of Amphotericin B
Author(s) -
Caleb P Skipper,
Mucunguzi Atukunda,
Anna Stadelman,
Nicole Engen,
Ananta S Bangdiwala,
Katherine Huppler Hullsiek,
Mahsa Abassi,
Joshua Rhein,
Melanie Nicol,
Eva Laker,
Darlisha A Williams,
Raphael J. Mannino,
Theresa Matkovits,
David B. Meya,
David R. Boulware
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.07
H-Index - 259
eISSN - 1070-6283
pISSN - 0066-4804
DOI - 10.1128/aac.00838-20
Subject(s) - tolerability , amphotericin b , amphotericin b deoxycholate , bioavailability , pharmacokinetics , pharmacology , medicine , toxicity , drug , adverse effect , antifungal , dermatology , caspofungin
Amphotericin B deoxycholate (AMB) has substantial toxicities. A novel encochleated amphotericin B deoxycholate (cAMB) formulation has oral bioavailability, efficacy in an animal model, and minimal toxicity due to targeted drug delivery into macrophages, where intracellular fungi reside. We conducted a phase I, ascending-dose trial of cAMB administered at 1.0 g, 1.5 g, or 2.0 g per day in 4 to 6 divided doses among HIV-positive survivors of cryptococcosis ( n = 9 per cohort). We assessed the tolerability of cAMB and the adverse events (AEs) associated with cAMB treatment over 3 days. A second trial ( n = 9) assessed the tolerability of 1.5 g/day given for 7 days. In the single-ascending-dose study, all subjects received their full daily dose without vomiting (100% tolerability). The cohort receiving 1.0 g had 4 transient clinical AEs in 2 subjects within 48 h and 8 laboratory AEs ( n = 6 grade 2, n = 2 grade 1). The cohort receiving 1.5 g had 7 clinical AEs in 1 subject attributed to acute gastroenteritis ( n = 4 grade 2) and 5 laboratory AEs ( n = 1 grade 2). The cohort receiving 2.0 g had 20 clinical AEs among 5 subjects within 48 h ( n = 3 grade 2) and 11 laboratory AEs ( n = 2 grade 2, n = 1 grade 3). From a qualitative survey, 26 of 27 subjects (96%) preferred their experience with oral cAMB over their prior experience with intravenous (i.v.) AMB. The second, multiple-dose cohort received 1.5 g/day for 1 week, with 98.4% (248/252) of the doses being taken. Overall, 5 clinical AEs ( n = 5 grade 1) and 6 laboratory AEs ( n = 6 grade 1) occurred without kidney toxicity. Oral cAMB was well tolerated when given in 4 to 6 divided daily doses without the toxicities commonly seen with i.v. AMB. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT04031833.).