Open AccessTranslational control by 5′-untranslated regions of eukaryotic mRNAs
Author(s) -
Alan G. Hinnebusch,
Ivaylo P. Ivanov,
Nahum Sonenberg
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 12.556
H-Index - 1186
eISSN - 1095-9203
pISSN - 0036-8075
DOI - 10.1126/science.aad9868
Subject(s) - five prime untranslated region , eukaryotic initiation factor , initiation factor , internal ribosome entry site , start codon , biology , translation (biology) , eukaryotic translation , untranslated region , messenger rna , eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma , eif4a1 , microbiology and biotechnology , translational regulation , ribosomal binding site , three prime untranslated region , genetics , ribosome , eif4e , rna , gene
The eukaryotic 5' untranslated region (UTR) is critical for ribosome recruitment to the messenger RNA (mRNA) and start codon choice and plays a major role in the control of translation efficiency and shaping the cellular proteome. The ribosomal initiation complex is assembled on the mRNA via a cap-dependent or cap-independent mechanism. We describe various mechanisms controlling ribosome scanning and initiation codon selection by 5' upstream open reading frames, translation initiation factors, and primary and secondary structures of the 5'UTR, including particular sequence motifs. We also discuss translational control via phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2, which is implicated in learning and memory, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.