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Effective dose and energy imparted in diagnostic radiology
Author(s) -
Huda Walter,
Gkanatsios Nikolaos A.
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
medical physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.473
H-Index - 180
eISSN - 2473-4209
pISSN - 0094-2405
DOI - 10.1118/1.598153
Subject(s) - imaging phantom , radiography , dosimetry , nuclear medicine , effective dose (radiation) , monte carlo method , medicine , computed radiography , dose area product , radiology , radiation dose , mathematics , statistics , computer science , image quality , artificial intelligence , image (mathematics)
The patient effective dose, E , is an indicator of the stochastic radiation risk associated with radiographic or fluoroscopic x‐ray examinations. Determining effective doses for radiologic examinations by measurement or calculation is generally very difficult. By contrast, the energy imparted, ε, to the patient may be obtained from the x‐ray exposure‐area product incident on the patient. As energy imparted is approximately proportional to the effective dose for any given x‐ray radiographic view, the availability of E / ε ratios for common radiographic projections provides a convenient way for estimating effective doses. Ratios of E / ε were obtained for 68 projections using E and ε values obtained from published dosimetry data computed using Monte Carlo techniques on an adult anthropomorphic phantom. The average E / ε ratio for the 68 projections in adults was 17.8±1.4 mSv/J, whereas uniform whole body irradiation corresponds to 14.1 mSv/J. The major determinant of E / ε ratios was the projection employed (the body region irradiated and x‐ray beam orientation), whereas the tube potential and beam filtration were of secondary importance. Adult E / ε ratios may also be used to obtain effective doses to pediatric patients undergoing x‐ray examinations by application of a correction factor based on the patient mass.