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In vivo measurement of cortical bone lead using polarized x rays
Author(s) -
Wielopolski L.,
Rosen J. F.,
Slatkin D. N.,
Zhang R.,
KalefEzra J. A.,
Rothman J. C.,
Maryanski M.,
Jenks S. T.
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
medical physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.473
H-Index - 180
eISSN - 2473-4209
pISSN - 0094-2405
DOI - 10.1118/1.596353
Subject(s) - lead (geology) , in vivo , cortical bone , biomedical engineering , nuclear medicine , cortex (anatomy) , calibration , materials science , physics , medicine , anatomy , biology , neuroscience , paleontology , microbiology and biotechnology , quantum mechanics
An x‐ray fluorescence system which utilizes polarized radiation to measure lead in vivo in human subjects is described. The minimum detection limit is approximately 6.4 ppm wet weight lead in the cortex of the tibia with 4 mm of overlying soft tissue. This appears to be adequate for assessing lead stores in lead‐toxic preschool children. The measurement requires 16.5 min and is associated with an effective equivalent whole body dose to the subject of 2.5 μSv. The system, its calibration and its validation are described herein.