Sci‐Fri AM: MRI and Diagnostic Imaging ‐ 05: Comparison of Input Function Measurements from DCE and MOLLI

Dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI is a technique for obtaining tissue hemodynamic information (e.g. tumours). Despite widespread clinical application of DCE‐MRI, the technique suffers from a lack of standardization and accuracy, especially with respect to the concentration‐versus‐time of gadolinium (Gd) in feeding arteries (the input function, IF). MR phase has a linear quantitative relationship with Gd concentration ([Gd]), making it ideal for measuring the first‐pass of the IF, but is not considered accurate in the steady‐state washout. Modified Look‐Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) is a fast and accurate method to measure T1 and has been validated to quantify typical [Gd] ranges experienced in the washout of the IF. Two different methods to measure the IF for DCE‐MRI were compared: 1) conventional phase‐versus‐time (“Phase‐only”) and 2) phase‐versus‐time combined with pre‐ and post‐DCE MOLLI T1 measurements (“Phase+MOLLI”). The IF obtained from Phase+MOLLI was calculated from MOLLI T1 values and known relaxivity, then added to the Phase‐only acquisition with the washout IF subtracted. A significant difference was observed between IF values for [Gd] between the Phase‐only and Phase+MOLLI acquisitions (P = 0.03). To ensure the IFs from MOLLI T1s were accurate, it was compared to [Gd] obtained from “gold‐standard” inversion recovery (IR). MOLLI showed excellent agreement with IR when imaged in static phantoms (r 2 = 0.997, P = 0.001). The Phase+MOLLI IF was more accurate than the Phase‐only IF in measuring the washout. The Phase+MOLLI acquisition may therefore provide a DCE‐MRI reference standard that could lead to better clinical diagnoses.