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Technical Note: Improvements in geant 4 energy‐loss model and the effect on low‐energy electron transport in liquid water
Author(s) -
Kyriakou I.,
Incerti S.,
Francis Z.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
medical physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.473
H-Index - 180
eISSN - 2473-4209
pISSN - 0094-2405
DOI - 10.1118/1.4921613
Subject(s) - physics , ionization , monte carlo method , electron , computational physics , excitation , atomic physics , statistical physics , nuclear physics , ion , quantum mechanics , statistics , mathematics
Purpose: The geant 4‐DNA physics models are upgraded by a more accurate set of electron cross sections for ionization and excitation in liquid water. The impact of the new developments on low‐energy electron transport simulations by the geant 4 Monte Carlo toolkit is examined for improving its performance in dosimetry applications at the subcellular and nanometer level. Methods: The authors provide an algorithm for an improved implementation of the Emfietzoglou model dielectric response function of liquid water used in the geant 4‐DNA existing model. The algorithm redistributes the imaginary part of the dielectric function to ensure a physically motivated behavior at the binding energies, while retaining all the advantages of the original formulation, e.g., the analytic properties and the fulfillment of the f ‐sum‐rule. In addition, refinements in the exchange and perturbation corrections to the Born approximation used in the geant 4‐DNA existing model are also made. Results: The new ionization and excitation cross sections are significantly different from those of the geant 4‐DNA existing model. In particular, excitations are strongly enhanced relative to ionizations, resulting in higher W ‐values and less diffusive dose‐point‐kernels at sub‐keV electron energies. Conclusions: An improved energy‐loss model for the excitation and ionization of liquid water by low‐energy electrons has been implemented in geant 4‐DNA. The suspiciously low W ‐values and the unphysical long tail in the dose‐point‐kernel have been corrected owing to a different partitioning of the dielectric function.