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Comparison of an alternative and existing binning methods to reduce the acquisition duration of 4D PET/CT
Author(s) -
Didierlaurent David,
Jaudet Cyril,
Ribes Sophie,
Batatia Hadj,
Dierickx Lawrence O.,
Zerdoud Slimane,
Brillouet Severine,
Weyts Kathleen,
Courbon Frédéric,
Caselles Olivier
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
medical physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.473
H-Index - 180
eISSN - 2473-4209
pISSN - 0094-2405
DOI - 10.1118/1.4897612
Subject(s) - exhalation , breathing , nuclear medicine , amplitude , image quality , measure (data warehouse) , signal (programming language) , phase (matter) , computer science , imaging phantom , mathematics , medicine , artificial intelligence , radiology , physics , data mining , optics , quantum mechanics , image (mathematics) , anatomy , programming language
Purpose: Respiratory motion is a source of artifacts that reduce image quality in PET. Four dimensional (4D) PET/CT is one approach to overcome this problem. Existing techniques to limiting the effects of respiratory motions are based on prospective phase binning which requires a long acquisition duration (15–25 min). This time is uncomfortable for the patients and limits the clinical exploitation of 4D PET/CT. In this work, the authors evaluated an existing method and an alternative retrospective binning method to reduce the acquisition duration of 4D PET/CT. Methods: The authors studied an existing mixed‐amplitude binning (MAB) method and an alternative binning method by mixed‐phases (MPhB). Before implementing MPhB, they analyzed the regularity of the breathing patterns in patients. They studied the breathing signal drift and missing CT slices that could be challenging for implementing MAB. They compared the performance of MAB and MPhB with current binning methods to measure the maximum uptake, internal volume, and maximal range of tumor motion. Results: MPhB can be implemented depending on an optimal phase (in average, the exhalation peak phase −4.1% of the entire breathing cycle duration). Signal drift of patients was in average 35% relative to the breathing amplitude. Even after correcting this drift, MAB was feasible in 4D CT for only 64% of patients. No significant differences appeared between the different binning methods to measure the maximum uptake, internal volume, and maximal range of tumor motion. The authors also determined the inaccuracies of MAB and MPhB to measure the maximum amplitude of tumor motion with three bins (less than 3 mm for movement inferior to 12 mm, up to 6.4 mm for a 21 mm movement). Conclusions: The authors proposed an alternative binning method by mixed‐phase binning that halves the acquisition duration of 4D PET/CT. Mixed‐amplitude binning was challenging because of signal drift and missing CT slices. They showed that more than three bins were necessary for a more accurate measurement of the maximum amplitude of the tumor motion. However, the current 4D‐CT technology limits the increase of the number of bins in 4D PET/CT because of missing CT slices. One can reconstruct 4D PET images with more bins but without attenuation/scatter correction.