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WE‐G‐BRE‐05: Nanoparticle‐Aided Microwave Hyperthermia Is Accompanied By Free Radical Generation and Enhanced Cell Kill
Author(s) -
Paudel N,
Shvydka D,
Karpov V,
Findsen E,
Parsai E
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
medical physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.473
H-Index - 180
eISSN - 2473-4209
pISSN - 0094-2405
DOI - 10.1118/1.4889480
Subject(s) - radical , microwave , electron paramagnetic resonance , nanoparticle , materials science , spectrometer , chemistry , nuclear magnetic resonance , analytical chemistry (journal) , nanotechnology , optics , chromatography , organic chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics
Purpose: Hyperthermia, an established method of cancer treatment used in adjuvant to radiation and chemotherapy, can utilize metallic nanoparticles (NPs) for tumor heating with a microwave electromagnetic field. The high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio of nanoparticles makes them effective catalysts for free radical generation, thus amplifying the cell‐killing effect of hyperthermia. We explore the effect of gold and platinum NPs in generating free radicals in aqueous media under a microwave field. Methods: Spin trap 5,5‐Dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO) was mixed separately with 3.2 nm Mesogold and Mesoplatinum colloidal nanoparticle suspensions in deionized water to trap radicals. The mixtures were injected into a number of glass capillaries and exposed to the 9.68GHz microwave field of an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer. The microwave radiation from the spectrometer served to both generate and detect the trapped radicals. Each sample was scanned at 12mW microwave power to obtain the initial signal of hydroxyl radicals (OH.), then at 39.8mW followed by 79.8 or 125mW, and finally re‐scanned at 12mW. Radical signal intensities obtained by double integration of EPR spectra from the initial and the final scans were then compared. Results: Nanoparticle samples had no intentionally‐added free radicals before the initial measurement. While samples with DMPO‐water solution showed no OH. signal, all those with AuNPs or PtNPs developed an OH. signal during their first exposure to the microwave field. Depending upon the applied microwave power and time interval between the initial and the final EPR scans, an OH. intensity increase of ∼10‐60% was found. This contradicts the typical trend of exponential decay of the OH. signal with time. Conclusion: The consistent increase in OH. intensity establishes that gold and platinum nanoparticles facilitate free radical generation under microwave irradiation. Our results suggest that NP‐aided hyperthermia is accompanied by the generation of free radicals, which enhance the cell‐killing effects of hyperthermia.