Premium
SU‐E‐J‐03: A Comprehensive Comparison Between Alpha and Beta Emitters for Cancer Radioimmunotherapy
Author(s) -
Huang C.Y.,
Guatelli S,
Oborn B,
Allen B
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
medical physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.473
H-Index - 180
eISSN - 2473-4209
pISSN - 0094-2405
DOI - 10.1118/1.4888054
Subject(s) - radioimmunotherapy , cancer research , cancer , beta (programming language) , nuclear medicine , cancer cell , alpha (finance) , radiation therapy , cytotoxicity , dosimetry , medicine , chemistry , immunology , in vitro , antibody , construct validity , biochemistry , nursing , monoclonal antibody , computer science , patient satisfaction , programming language
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to perform a comprehensive comparison of the therapeutic efficacy and cytotoxicity of alpha and beta emitters for Radioimmunotherapy (RIT). For each stage of cancer development, specific models were built for the separate objectives of RIT to be addressed:a) kill isolated cancer cells in transit in the lymphatic and vascular circulation,b) regress avascular cell clusters,c) regress tumor vasculature and tumors. Methods: Because of the nature of short range, high LET alpha and long energy beta radiation and heterogeneous antigen expression among cancer cells, the microdosimetric approach is essential for the RIT assessment. Geant4 based microdosimetric models are developed for the three different stages of cancer progression: cancer cells, cell clusters and tumors. The energy deposition, specific energy resulted from different source distribution in the three models was calculated separately for 4 alpha emitting radioisotopes ( 211 At, 213 Bi, 223 Ra and 225 Ac) and 6 beta emitters ( 32 P, 33 P, 67 Cu, 90 Y, 131 I and 177 Lu). The cell survival, therapeutic efficacy and cytotoxicity are determined and compared between alpha and beta emitters. Results: We show that internal targeted alpha radiation has advantages over beta radiation for killing isolated cancer cells, regressing small cell clusters and also solid tumors. Alpha particles have much higher dose specificity and potency than beta particles. They can deposit 3 logs more dose than beta emitters to single cells and solid tumor. Tumor control probability relies on deep penetration of radioisotopes to cancer cell clusters and solid tumors. Conclusion: The results of this study provide a quantitative understanding of the efficacy and cytotoxicity of RIT for each stage of cancer development.