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Assessment of contrast enhanced respiration managed cone‐beam CT for image guided radiotherapy of intrahepatic tumors
Author(s) -
Jensen Nikolaj K. G.,
Stewart Errol,
Lock Michael,
Fisher Barbara,
Kozak Roman,
Chen Jeff,
Lee TingYim,
Wong Eugene
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
medical physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.473
H-Index - 180
eISSN - 2473-4209
pISSN - 0094-2405
DOI - 10.1118/1.4870385
Subject(s) - medicine , cone beam ct , radiation therapy , contrast (vision) , cone beam computed tomography , image guided radiation therapy , nuclear medicine , radiology , radiation treatment planning , computed tomography , computer science , artificial intelligence
Purpose: Contrast enhancement and respiration management are widely used during image acquisition for radiotherapy treatment planning of liver tumors along with respiration management at the treatment unit. However, neither respiration management nor intravenous contrast is commonly used during cone‐beam CT (CBCT) image acquisition for alignment prior to radiotherapy. In this study, the authors investigate the potential gains of injecting an iodinated contrast agent in combination with respiration management during CBCT acquisition for liver tumor radiotherapy.Methods: Five rabbits with implanted liver tumors were subjected to CBCT with and without motion management and contrast injection. The acquired CBCT images were registered to the planning CT to determine alignment accuracy and dosimetric impact. The authors developed a simulation tool for simulating contrast‐enhanced CBCT images from dynamic contrast enhanced CT imaging (DCE‐CT) to determine optimal contrast injection protocols. The tool was validated against contrast‐enhanced CBCT of the rabbit subjects and was used for five human patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma.Results: In the rabbit experiment, when neither motion management nor contrast was used, tumor centroid misalignment between planning image and CBCT was 9.2 mm. This was reduced to 2.8 mm when both techniques were employed. Tumors were not visualized in clinical CBCT images of human subjects. Simulated contrast‐enhanced CBCT was found to improve tumor contrast in all subjects. Different patients were found to require different contrast injections to maximize tumor contrast.Conclusions: Based on the authors’ animal study, respiration managed contrast enhanced CBCT improves IGRT significantly. Contrast enhanced CBCT benefits from patient specific tracer kinetics determined from DCE‐CT.