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TU‐A‐116‐07: Comparison and Evaluation of Commercially Available CMOS X‐Ray Detectors for Neurological Endovascular Image Guided Interventions (neuro‐EIGI' s)
Author(s) -
Loughran B,
Jain A,
Singh V,
Nagesh S Setlur,
Ionita C,
Bednarek D,
Rudin S
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
medical physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.473
H-Index - 180
eISSN - 2473-4209
pISSN - 0094-2405
DOI - 10.1118/1.4815354
Subject(s) - detector , sensitivity (control systems) , pixel , image sensor , x ray detector , physics , flat panel detector , nuclear medicine , cmos , optics , image quality , materials science , optoelectronics , medicine , electronic engineering , computer science , artificial intelligence , engineering , image (mathematics)
Purpose: To evaluate three commercially available CMOS x‐ray detector systems as potential dual fluoroscopic and angiographic, high‐resolution, ROI detectors for neuro‐endovascular image‐guided interventions (neuro‐EIGIs) and to compare them to other experimentally evaluated or simulated neuro‐EIGI detectors. Methods: Each CMOS detector was exposed to a standard RQA5 x‐ray spectrum obtained by adding 21 mm of aluminum to a 70 kVp x‐ray beam. Flat‐field images were acquired by each detector and exposure per frame was determined using an ion chamber. From these images and exposures, sensitivity in digital numbers (DN/μR) and instrumentation noise‐equivalent exposure (INEE) was found for each detector. These values were used to compare the three commercial detectors to other neuro‐EIGI detectors previously built or simulated. Results: Detector A has a 12‐bit ADC, a pixel size of 100 μm, and a full well capacity (FWC) of 2.2 million electrons (Me‐). The sensitivity was found to be 5.8 DN/μR and the INEE was found to be 7.58 μR. Detector B has a 14‐bit ADC, a pixel size of 75 μm, and a FWC of 0.36 Me‐for the high sensitivity mode and 1.4 Me‐for the high saturation mode. The sensitivity was found to be 28.9 DN/μR and the INEE was found to be 2.04 μR in the high sensitivity mode. Detector C has a 14‐bit ADC, a pixel size of 100 μm and a FWC of 1.5 Me‐. The sensitivity was found to be 15.1 DN/μR and the INEE was found to be 3.04 μR. The previous neuro‐EIGI detectors had similar sensitivities of 10s–100s DN/μR, but much lower INEEs of <0.2 μR. Conclusion: While the commercial CMOS x‐ray detectors are improving, it remains a desirable goal to further reduce the commercial detector pixel size and instrumentation noise to approach the values seen with the previously built and simulated neuro‐EIGI detectors. Supported by NIH Grant 2R01EB002873 and an equipment grant from Toshiba Corporation.