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In vitro in‐stent restenoses evaluated by 3D ultrasound
Author(s) -
Lécart Myriam,
Cardinal MarieHélène Roy,
Qin Zhao,
Soulez Gilles,
Cloutier Guy
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
medical physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.473
H-Index - 180
eISSN - 2473-4209
pISSN - 0094-2405
DOI - 10.1118/1.3062944
Subject(s) - stent , imaging phantom , stenosis , ultrasound , biomedical engineering , radiology , medicine , doppler effect , materials science , nuclear medicine , physics , astronomy
The purpose of this study was to quantify in‐stent restenoses with 3D B mode and power Doppler ultrasound (U.S.) imaging. In‐stent restenoses were mimicked with vascular phantoms in which a nonferromagnetic prototype stent (Boston Scientific) and a ferromagnetic clinical stainless steel stent (Palmaz P295) were embedded. Each phantom had an 80% in‐stent stenosis and a 75% stenosis located outside the stent. These phantoms were compared to a reference phantom reproducing both stenoses without stent. Data sets of 2D cross‐sectional U.S. images were acquired in freehand scanning using a magnetic sensor attached to the U.S. probe and in mechanical linear scanning with the probe attached to a step motor device. Each 2D image was automatically segmented before 3D reconstruction of the vessel. Results indicate that the reference phantom (without stent) was accurately assessed with errors below 1.8% for the 75% stenosis and 3.2% for the 80% stenosis in both B mode and power Doppler for the two scanning methods. The 80% in‐stent stenoses in Boston Scientific and Palmaz stents were, respectively, evaluated at 73.8 ( ± 3.2 ) % and 75.8 ( ± 3 ) % in B mode and at 82 ( ± 2.5 ) % and 86.2 ( ± 6.4 ) % in power Doppler when freehand scans were used. For comparison, when linear scans were selected, in‐stent stenoses in the Boston Scientific or Palmaz stent were, respectively, evaluated at 77.4 ( ± 2.0 ) % and 73.8 ( ± 2.5 ) % in B mode and at 87.0 ( ± 1.3 ) % and 85.6 ( ± 5.8 ) % in power Doppler. To conclude, 3D freehand U.S. is a valuable method to quantify in‐stent restenoses, particularly in B mode. It is thus hoped that, in the clinical setting, noninvasive 3D U.S. may provide sufficient precision to grade in‐stent restenoses.