Automated matching of temporally sequential CT sections

In the evaluation of patient response to therapy through measurements on thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans, the selection of anatomically equivalent sections in temporally sequential scans is required. We developed an automated method based on normalized mutual information (NMI) to expedite the selection of anatomically equivalent sections. The method requires as input two temporally sequential CT scans from the same patient. A specified section from the baseline scan is then compared with the sections of a follow‐up scan. Each section in the follow‐up scan is successively translated and rotated relative to the baseline section, and NMI is calculated. The section in the follow‐up scan that yields the highest NMI with respect to the baseline section is selected as the matching section. The method was applied to a database of 22 pairs of temporally sequential CT scans from mesothelioma patients. Five observers manually selected their choice of the best anatomically matched section for each of three predetermined sections in the 22 baseline scans, and the range of selected sections was recorded. The automated method was applied to the same baseline sections to determine the computer‐based anatomically matched sections in the corresponding follow‐up scan. The automated process was performed using both original CT sections and sections automatically segmented so that only intrathoracic pixels contributed to NMI calculations. The accuracy of the automated method was quantified on a section‐by‐section basis by comparison with the range of sections selected by the observers. The automated method without segmentation selected equivalent sections within the observers' range for 54 of the 66 matching tasks (81.8%). An 11% improvement was achieved when thoracic segmentation was performed as a pre‐processing step.