Open AccessBone healing in 2016
Author(s) -
JA Buza
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
clinical cases in mineral and bone metabolism
Language(s) - Uncategorized
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.314
H-Index - 32
eISSN - 1971-3266
pISSN - 1724-8914
DOI - 10.11138/ccmbm/2016.13.2.101
Subject(s) - nonunion , medicine , bone healing , bone morphogenetic protein , platelet rich plasma , stimulation , growth factor , surgery , bioinformatics , platelet , biochemistry , chemistry , receptor , gene , biology
Delayed fracture healing and nonunion occurs in up to 5-10% of all fractures, and can present a challenging clinical scenario for the treating physician. Methods for the enhancement of skeletal repair may benefit patients that are at risk of, or have experienced, delayed healing or nonunion. These methods can be categorized into either physical stimulation therapies or biological therapies. Physical stimulation therapies include electrical stimulation, low-intensity pulsed ultrasonography, or extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Biological therapies can be further classified into local or systemic therapy based on the method of delivery. Local methods include autologous bone marrow, autologous bone graft, fibroblast growth factor-2, platelet-rich plasma, platelet-derived growth factor, and bone morphogenetic proteins. Systemic therapies include parathyroid hormone and bisphosphonates. This article reviews the current applications and supporting evidence for the use of these therapies in the enhancement of fracture healing.