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Short‐term sprint interval training increases insulin sensitivity in healthy adults but does not affect the thermogenic response to β‐adrenergic stimulation
Author(s) -
Richards Jennifer C.,
Johnson Tyler K.,
Kuzma Jessica N.,
Lonac Mark C.,
Schweder Melani M.,
Voyles Wyatt F.,
Bell Christopher
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
the journal of physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.802
H-Index - 240
eISSN - 1469-7793
pISSN - 0022-3751
DOI - 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.189886
Subject(s) - sprint , medicine , endocrinology , interval training , endurance training , insulin sensitivity , insulin , heart rate , stimulation , cycle ergometer , physical therapy , insulin resistance , blood pressure
Sprint interval training (SIT) and traditional endurance training elicit similar physiological adaptations. From the perspective of metabolic function, superior glucose regulation is a common characteristic of endurance‐trained adults. Accordingly, we have investigated the hypothesis that short‐term SIT will increase insulin sensitivity in sedentary/recreationally active humans. Thirty one healthy adults were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) SIT ( n = 12): six sessions of repeated (4–7) 30 s bouts of very high‐intensity cycle ergometer exercise over 14 days; (2) sedentary control ( n = 10); (3) single‐bout SIT ( n = 9): one session of 4 × 30 s cycle ergometer sprints. Insulin sensitivity was determined (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) prior to and 72 h following each intervention. Compared with baseline, and sedentary and single‐bout controls, SIT increased insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rate: 6.3 ± 0.6 vs . 8.0 ± 0.8 mg kg −1 min −1 ; mean ± s.e.m. ; P = 0.04). In a separate study, we investigated the effect of SIT on the thermogenic response to beta‐adrenergic receptor (β‐AR) stimulation, an important determinant of energy balance. Compared with baseline, and sedentary and single‐bout control groups, SIT did not affect resting energy expenditure (EE: ventilated hood technique; 6274 ± 226 vs . 6079 ± 297 kJ day −1 ; P = 0.51) or the thermogenic response to isoproterenol (6, 12 and 24 ng (kg fat‐free mass) −1 min −1 : %ΔEE 11 ± 2, 14 ± 3, 23 ± 2 vs . 11 ± 1, 16 ± 2, 25 ± 3; P = 0.79). Combined data from both studies revealed no effect of SIT on fasted circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, adiponectin, pigment epithelial‐derived factor, non‐esterified fatty acids or noradrenaline (all P > 0.05). Sixteen minutes of high‐intensity exercise over 14 days augments insulin sensitivity but does not affect the thermogenic response to β‐AR stimulation.