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Chemoreceptor mechanisms regulating CO 2 ‐induced arousal from sleep
Author(s) -
Abbott Stephen B. G.,
Souza George M. P. R.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
the journal of physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.802
H-Index - 240
eISSN - 1469-7793
pISSN - 0022-3751
DOI - 10.1113/jp281305
Subject(s) - arousal , reflex , neuroscience , dorsal raphe nucleus , serotonergic , parabrachial nucleus , low arousal theory , chemoreceptor , central chemoreceptors , psychology , medicine , control of respiration , anesthesia , brainstem , respiratory system , serotonin , anatomy , receptor
Arousal from sleep in response to CO 2 is a life‐preserving reflex that enhances ventilatory drive and facilitates behavioural adaptations to restore eupnoeic breathing. Recurrent activation of the CO 2 ‐arousal reflex is associated with sleep disruption in obstructive sleep apnoea. In this review we examine the role of chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies, the retrotrapezoid nucleus and serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe in the CO 2 ‐arousal reflex. We also provide an overview of the supra‐medullary structures that mediate CO 2 ‐induced arousal. We propose a framework for the CO 2 ‐arousal reflex in which the activity of the chemoreceptors converges in the parabrachial nucleus to trigger cortical arousal.