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Novel mechanisms regulating endothelial barrier function in the pulmonary microcirculation
Author(s) -
Simmons Szandor,
Erfinanda Lasti,
Bartz Christoph,
Kuebler Wolfgang M.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
the journal of physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.802
H-Index - 240
eISSN - 1469-7793
pISSN - 0022-3751
DOI - 10.1113/jp276245
Subject(s) - barrier function , vascular permeability , interstitial space , paracellular transport , microcirculation , transcellular , endothelium , microbiology and biotechnology , lung , endothelial stem cell , chemistry , homeostasis , permeability (electromagnetism) , biology , medicine , pathology , biochemistry , in vitro , membrane
The pulmonary epithelial and vascular endothelial cell layers provide two sequential physical and immunological barriers that together form a semi‐permeable interface and prevent alveolar and interstitial oedema formation. In this review, we focus specifically on the continuous endothelium of the pulmonary microvascular bed that warrants strict control of the exchange of gases, fluid, solutes and circulating cells between the plasma and the interstitial space. The present review provides an overview of emerging molecular mechanisms that permit constant transcellular exchange between the vascular and interstitial compartment, and cause, prevent or reverse lung endothelial barrier failure under experimental conditions, yet with a clinical perspective. Based on recent findings and at times seemingly conflicting results we discuss emerging paradigms of permeability regulation by altered ion transport as well as shifts in the homeostasis of sphingolipids, angiopoietins and prostaglandins.