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Ageing, metabolism and cardiovascular disease
Author(s) -
Costantino Sarah,
Paneni Francesco,
Cosentino Francesco
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
the journal of physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.802
H-Index - 240
eISSN - 1469-7793
pISSN - 0022-3751
DOI - 10.1113/jp270538
Subject(s) - disease , ageing , medicine , insulin resistance , overnutrition , bioinformatics , population , myocardial infarction , homeostasis , biology , neuroscience , physiology , diabetes mellitus , endocrinology , obesity , environmental health
Age is one of the major risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). About one‐fifth of the world population will be aged 65 or older by 2030, with an exponential increase in CVD prevalence. It is well established that environmental factors (overnutrition, smoking, pollution, sedentary lifestyles) may lead to premature defects in mitochondrial functionality, insulin signalling, endothelial homeostasis and redox balance, fostering early senescent features. Over the last few years, molecular investigations have unveiled common signalling networks which may link the ageing process with deterioration of cardiovascular homeostasis and metabolic disturbances, namely insulin resistance. These different processes seem to be highly interconnected and their interplay may favour adverse vascular and cardiac phenotypes responsible for myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure. In the present review, we carefully describe novel molecular cues underpinning ageing, metabolism and CVD. In particular, we describe a dynamic interplay between emerging pathways such as FOXOs, AMPK, SIRT1, p66 Shc , JunD and NF‐kB. This overview will provide the background for attractive molecular targets to prevent age‐driven pathology in the vasculature and the heart.