Premium
Short‐term training for explosive strength causes neural and mechanical adaptations
Author(s) -
Tillin Neale A.,
Pain Matthew T. G.,
Folland Jonathan P.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
experimental physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.925
H-Index - 101
eISSN - 1469-445X
pISSN - 0958-0670
DOI - 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.063040
Subject(s) - isometric exercise , explosive material , jumping , motor unit , force transducer , medicine , explosive strength , turnover , anatomy , physical medicine and rehabilitation , physics , physical therapy , chemistry , physiology , management , organic chemistry , acoustics , economics
This study investigated the neural and peripheral adaptations to short‐term training for explosive force production. Ten men trained the knee extensors with unilateral explosive isometric contractions (1 s ‘fast and hard’) for 4 weeks. Before and after training, force was recorded at 50‐ms intervals from force onset ( F 50 , F 100 and F 150 ) during both voluntary and involuntary (supramaximal evoked octet; eight pulses at 300 Hz) explosive isometric contractions. Neural drive during the explosive voluntary contractions was measured with the ratio of voluntary/octet force, and average EMG normalized to the peak‐to‐peak M‐wave of the three superficial quadriceps. Maximal voluntary force (MVF) was also measured, and ultrasonic images of the vastus lateralis were recorded during ramped contractions to assess muscle–tendon unit stiffness between 50 and 90% MVF. There was an increase in voluntary F 50 (+54%), F 100 (+15%) and F 150 (+14%) and in octet F 50 (+7%) and F 100 (+10%). Voluntary F 100 and F 150 , and octet F 50 and F 100 increased proportionally with MVF (+11%). However, the increase in voluntary F 50 was +37% even after normalization to MVF, and coincided with a 42% increase in both voluntary/octet force and agonist‐normalized EMG over the first 50 ms. Muscle–tendon unit stiffness between 50 and 90% MVF also increased. In conclusion, enhanced agonist neural drive and MVF accounted for improved explosive voluntary force production in the early and late phases of the contraction, respectively. The increases in explosive octet force and muscle–tendon unit stiffness provide novel evidence of peripheral adaptations within merely 4 weeks of training for explosive force production.