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The Effects of Steroid Hormones on the Transcription of Genes Encoding Enzymes of Oxidative Phosphorylation
Author(s) -
Scheller Klaus,
Sekeris Constantine E.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
experimental physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.925
H-Index - 101
eISSN - 1469-445X
pISSN - 0958-0670
DOI - 10.1113/eph8802507
Subject(s) - mitochondrion , oxidative phosphorylation , mitochondrial dna , biology , transcription factor , nuclear gene , nuclear receptor , microbiology and biotechnology , respiratory chain , mitochondrial respiratory chain , transcription (linguistics) , hormone , gene , biochemistry , linguistics , philosophy
Regulation of energy metabolism is one of the major functions of steroid hormones. In this process, mitochondria, by way of oxidative phosphorylation, play a central role. Depending on the energy needs of the cell, on the tissue, on the developmental stage and on the intensity of the hormonal stimulus, the response can be an activation of pre‐existing respiratory chain components, an increased transcription of nuclear‐encoded and/or mitochondrial‐encoded respiratory chain enzyme (OXPHOS) genes and of biosynthesis of the respective enzyme subunits or, in extreme cases of high energy needs, an increase in the number of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA content per cell. Some of the hormonally regulated systems involving effects on nuclear and mitochondrial OXPHOS genes are reviewed in this paper. The possible molecular mechanisms of steroid hormone action on nuclear and mitochondrial gene transcription and possible ways of coordination of transcription in these two separate cell compartments involving direct interaction of steroid receptors with hormone response elements in nuclear OXPHOS genes and in mitochondria and induction/activation of nuclear‐encoded regulatory factors affecting mitochondrial gene transcription are presented.