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Differential protein metabolism and regeneration in hypertrophic diaphragm and atrophic gastrocnemius muscles in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels
Author(s) -
Yan Xia,
Gao Xuli,
Niu Qiaohua,
Peng Xin,
Zhang Jie,
Ma Xiufeng,
Wei Yanhong,
Wang Huiping,
Gao Yunfang,
Chang Hui
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
experimental physiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.925
H-Index - 101
eISSN - 1469-445X
pISSN - 0958-0670
DOI - 10.1113/ep089187
Subject(s) - myostatin , gastrocnemius muscle , muscle hypertrophy , medicine , endocrinology , myod , muscle atrophy , calpain , biology , protein degradation , protein metabolism , hibernation (computing) , myocyte , desmin , protein turnover , myogenesis , skeletal muscle , metabolism , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , protein biosynthesis , immunohistochemistry , state (computer science) , vimentin , enzyme , algorithm , computer science
New FindingsWhat is the central question of this study? The aim was to investigate whether diaphragm hypertrophy and gastrocnemius atrophy during hibernation of Daurian ground squirrels involve differential regulation of protein metabolism and regeneration.What is the main finding and its importance? We clarified the differences in protein metabolism and muscle regenerative potential in the diaphragm and gastrocnemius of hibernating ground squirrels, reflecting the different adaptability of muscles.Abstract Are differences in the regulation of protein metabolism and regeneration involved in the different phenotypic adaptation mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and atrophy in hibernators? Two fast‐type muscles (diaphragm and gastrocnemius) in summer active and hibernating Daurian ground squirrels were selected to detect changes in cross‐sectional area (CSA) and protein expression indicative of protein synthesis metabolism (protein expression of P‐Akt, P‐mTORC1, P‐S6K1 and P‐4E‐BP1), protein degradation metabolism (MuRF1, atrogin‐1, calpain‐1, calpain‐2, calpastatin, desmin, troponin T, Beclin1 and LC3‐II) and muscle regeneration (MyoD, myogenin and myostatin). In the hibernation group compared with the summer active group, the CSA of the diaphragm muscle increased significantly by 26.1%, whereas the CSA of the gastrocnemius muscle decreased significantly by 20.4%. Our study also indicated that increased protein synthesis, decreased protein degradation and increased muscle regenerative potential contributed to diaphragm muscle hypertrophy, whereas decreased protein synthesis, increased protein degradation and decreased muscle regenerative potential contributed to gastrocnemius muscle atrophy. In conclusion, the differences in muscle regeneration and regulatory pattern of protein metabolism might contribute to the different adaptive changes observed in the diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles of ground squirrels.