Does cerebral hypoxia facilitate central fatigue?

New FindingsWhat is the topic of this review? This review addresses whether a mismatch between cerebral O 2 demand and delivery accelerates the development of central fatigue during endurance‐type exercise.What advances does it highlight? The difficulty with studying the importance of cerebral O 2 availability for exercise performance is to manipulate cerebral O 2 availability independently of muscular O 2 availability. The different approaches to overcome this limitation indicate that cerebral oxygenation is not a major limiting factor in normoxia, but may limit performance in submaximal exercise tasks in hypoxia.Central fatigue originates within the central nervous system and is characterized by a decrease in voluntary muscle activation. Reduced systemic O 2 availability can facilitate central fatigue by enhancing the afferent input of the chemosensitive nerves that play a pivotal role in development of central fatigue. There is accumulating evidence that, in some situations, inadequate O 2 availability to the brain itself promotes central fatigue. This short review presents some of the recent findings supporting a direct effect of inadequate cerebral O 2 availability on central fatigue and addresses the persisting limitations.