Open AccessRisk as Challenge: A Dual System Stochastic Model for Binary Choice Behavior
Author(s) -
Samuel Shye,
Ido Haber
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
applied economics and finance
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2332-7308
pISSN - 2332-7294
DOI - 10.11114/aef.v7i2.4714
Subject(s) - popularity , prospect theory , risk aversion (psychology) , novelty , economics , certainty , perspective (graphical) , dual (grammatical number) , econometrics , subjective expected utility , risk seeking , psychology , index (typography) , loss aversion , representation (politics) , expected utility hypothesis , mathematical economics , social psychology , computer science , microeconomics , mathematics , artificial intelligence , art , geometry , literature , political science , law , politics , world wide web
Challenge Theory (CT) is a new approach to decision under risk that departs significantly from expected utility and is based firmly on psychological, rather than economic, assumptions. The paper demonstrates that a purely cognitive-psychological paradigm for decision under risk can yield excellent predictions, comparable to those attained by more complex economic or psychological models that remain attached to conventional economic constructs and assumptions. The study presents a new model for predicting the popularity of choices made in binary risk problems.A CT-based regression model is tested on data gathered from 126 respondents who indicated their preferences with respect to 44 choice problems. Results support CT's central hypothesis, strongly associating between the Challenge Index (CI) attributable to every binary risk problem, and the observed popularity of the bold prospect in that problem (with r=-0.92 and r=-0.93 for gains and for losses, respectively). The novelty of the CT perspective as a new paradigm is illuminated by its simple, single-index (CI) representation of psychological effects proposed by Prospect Theory for describing choice behavior (certainty effect, reflection effect, overweighting small probabilities and loss aversion).