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Mountainous genus A nterastes ( O rthoptera, T ettigoniidae): autochthonous survival across several glacial ages via vertical range shifts
Author(s) -
Çıplak Battal,
Kaya Sarp,
Boztepe Zehra,
Gündüz İslam
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
zoologica scripta
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.204
H-Index - 64
eISSN - 1463-6409
pISSN - 0300-3256
DOI - 10.1111/zsc.12118
Subject(s) - biology , biological dispersal , glacial period , range (aeronautics) , ecology , population , last glacial maximum , biodiversity , evolutionary biology , phylogenetic tree , demographic history , genetic diversity , zoology , genetic variation , genetics , paleontology , materials science , demography , sociology , gene , composite material
Although the high‐latitude range margins in E urope and N orth A merica are intensively studied, attention is gradually turned towards the taxa/populations inhabiting glacial refugia. Here, we evaluate the genealogical history of the cold‐adapted A natolio‐ B alkan genus A nterastes especially to test the possible effects of intrarefugial vertical range shifts during climatic oscillations of the Q uaternary. Using concatenated data from sequences of COI +16 S and ITS 1–5.8 S – ITS 2, intrageneric relationships and the time of speciation events were estimated. Thirteen different demographic analyses were performed using a data set produced from sequences of 16 S . Different phylogenetic analyses recovered similar lineages with high resolution. The molecular chronogram estimated speciation events in a period ranging from 5.60 to 1.22 Myr. Demographic analyses applied to 13 populations and five lineages suggested constant population size. Genetic diversity is significantly reduced in a few populations, while not in others. Fixation indices suggested extremely diverged populations. In the light of these data, the following main conclusions were raised: (i) although glacial refugia are the biodiversity hotspots, species level radiation of the cold‐adapted lineages is mainly prior to the M id‐ P leistocene transition; (ii) heterogeneous topography provides refugial habitats and allows populations to survive through vertical range shifts during climatic fluctuations; (iii) prolonged isolation of refugial populations do not always result in reduced intrapopulation diversity, but in high level of genetic differentiation; (iv) the cold‐adapted lineages with low dispersal ability might have not colonised the area out of Anatolian refugium during interglacial periods; and (v) populations of invertebrates may have restricted ranges, but this does not mean that they have small effective population size.