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Out of S outh A merica: phylogeny of non‐biting midges in the genus L abrundinia suggests multiple dispersal events to C entral and N orth A merica
Author(s) -
Silva Fabio L.,
Ekrem Torbjørn,
FonsecaGessner Alaide A.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
zoologica scripta
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.204
H-Index - 64
eISSN - 1463-6409
pISSN - 0300-3256
DOI - 10.1111/zsc.12089
Subject(s) - biology , monophyly , genus , chironomidae , biological dispersal , zoology , phylogenetic tree , phylogenetics , maximum parsimony , synapomorphy , ecology , evolutionary biology , clade , larva , gene , genetics , population , demography , sociology
Non‐biting midges of the genus Labrundinia (Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) are minute dipterans with immature stages living in a variety of unpolluted water bodies, from small streams and ponds to lakes and bays. Extensively recorded in ecological studies, the genus comprises 39 species, all except one described from areas outside the Palearctic region. Internal structure among Labrundinia species was postulated by S. S. Roback, who recognized four species groups based on morphological characters of immature stages. We examined phylogenetic relationships among known Labrundinia species using partial DNA sequences of the nuclear protein‐coding gene CAD and morphological characters. Both analyses with Bayesian inference and parsimony methods recovered the monophyly of Labrundinia , strongly supported by five morphological synapomorphies. Internal relationships within the genus partly supported Roback's species groups with the addition of later described species. Biogeographical inferences were obtained by applying Bayesian binary MCMC ( BBM ) analysis and favoured a scenario where Labrundinia had its initial diversification in the Neotropical region and that current presence in the Nearctic region and southern South America is due to subsequent dispersal.