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Human macrophage response to microbial supernatants from diabetic foot ulcers
Author(s) -
Deusenbery Carly B.,
Kalan Lindsay,
Meisel Jacquelyn S.,
Gardner Sue E.,
Grice Elizabeth A.,
Spiller Kara L.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
wound repair and regeneration
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.847
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1524-475X
pISSN - 1067-1927
DOI - 10.1111/wrr.12752
Subject(s) - proinflammatory cytokine , macrophage , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , candida albicans , tumor necrosis factor alpha , secretion , staphylococcus aureus , monocyte , immunology , innate immune system , immune system , inflammation , bacteria , in vitro , biochemistry , genetics
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major clinical problem exacerbated by prolonged bacterial infection. Macrophages, the primary innate immune cells, are multifunctional cells that regulate diverse processes throughout multiple phases of wound healing. To better understand the influence of microbial species on macrophage behavior, we cultured primary human monocyte‐derived macrophages from four donors for 24 hours in media conditioned by bacteria and fungi ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Corynebacterium amycolatum , Corynebacterium striatum , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus simulans , and Candida albicans ) isolated from the DFUs of six patients. The effects of these microbe‐derived signals on macrophage behavior were assessed by measuring the gene expression of a panel of 25 genes related to macrophage phenotype, angiogenesis, bacterial recognition, and cell survival, as well as secretion of two inflammatory cytokines using NanoString multiplex analysis. Principal component analysis showed that macrophage gene expression and protein secretion were affected by both microbial species as well as human donor. S . simulans and C . albicans caused up‐regulation of genes associated with a proinflammatory (M1) phenotype, and P . aeruginosa caused an increase in the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine and M1 marker tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα). Together, these results suggest that macrophages respond to secreted factors from microbes by up‐regulating inflammatory markers, and that the effects are strongly dependent on the monocyte donor. Ultimately, increased understanding of macrophage–microbe interactions will lead to the development of more targeted therapies for DFU healing.