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Regulation and function of IL‐22 in peritoneal adhesion formation after abdominal surgery
Author(s) -
Wang Qingbo,
Huang Yongming,
Zhou Rui,
Wu Ke,
Li Wei,
Shi Liang,
Xia Zefeng,
Tao Kaixiong,
Wang Guobin,
Wang Geng
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
wound repair and regeneration
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.847
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1524-475X
pISSN - 1067-1927
DOI - 10.1111/wrr.12740
Subject(s) - adhesion , immune system , medicine , cytokine , peritoneal cavity , inflammation , mesothelial cell , cell adhesion , immunology , andrology , pathology , surgery , chemistry , organic chemistry
Peritoneal adhesion occurs frequently after gastrointestinal/gynecological surgery. Tissue repair and regeneration are very important during this process. IL‐22 is an important cytokine that is secreted from immune cells but functions on mesenchymal cells, such as mesothelial cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the roles of IL‐22 and its regulators during adhesion formation. Postsurgical peritoneal drainage fluid from patients and rodent models was examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. It was observed that IL‐22 expression in the abdominal cavity was rapidly induced 12 hours after surgery and then slowly decreased to a lower, steady level for up to 7 days after surgery. However, neutralizing IL‐22 at the time point at which the highest level of expression was observed failed to reduce adhesion, but neutralizing IL‐22 at a later time point, i.e., 3 days after surgery, prevented adhesion significantly. The IL‐22 receptor was induced on the mesothelial membrane, and IL‐22BP, an inhibitor of IL‐22, was reduced 3 days after surgery. Furthermore, IFN‐γ was identified to have the ability to induce IL‐22R, and IL‐18, which was induced by the infiltrating macrophages, was found to inhibit IL‐22BP expression both in vivo and in vitro. Together, these data suggest that IL‐22 may promote adhesion formation and that the regulation of IL‐22, IL‐22R, and IL‐22BP may have therapeutic potential to prevent adhesion formation after surgery without disturbing the normal immune process.