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Phosphorylation and growth inhibitory activity of all ketohexose analogs
Author(s) -
KatoNoguchi Hisashi,
Okada Kozue
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
weed biology and management
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.351
H-Index - 36
eISSN - 1445-6664
pISSN - 1444-6162
DOI - 10.1111/wbm.12017
Subject(s) - fructokinase , phosphorylation , hexokinase , biology , fructose , biochemistry , glycolysis , arabidopsis , microbiology and biotechnology , enzyme , mutant , gene
Sugars are not only important energy sources and structural components, but they also act as signaling molecules that are involved in specific signal sensing. Among all ketohexose analogs ( d ‐fructose, d ‐psicose, d ‐tagatose, d ‐sorbose, l ‐fructose, l ‐psicose, l ‐tagatose and l ‐sorbose), only d ‐psicose inhibited the growth of Arabidopsis roots. Phosphorylation by fructokinase occurred in d ‐fructose and d ‐psicose. d ‐Psicose‐induced inhibition was relieved by adding d ‐fructose. Thus, the inhibition could not be attributed to the toxicity of phosphorylated d ‐psicose. The phosphorylation process requires ATP. After phosphorylation, d ‐fructose is metabolized in glycolysis and becomes energy sources and structural components, whereas d ‐psicose cannot contribute to the energy sources and structural components because it does not get metabolized further. However, d ‐psicose did not affect ATP level in the Arabidopsis roots, suggesting that the d ‐psicose‐induced growth inhibition may not be related to the starvation of ATP. The phosphorylation of ketohexoses by fructokinase is known to a trigger signal‐sensing resulting in growth inhibition. Therefore, d ‐psicose can be phosphorylated by fructokinase and this process may play a possible role in signal‐sensing. This is probably one of the useful model systems for the study of the hexokinase‐independent sugar‐sensing function and for developing new types of weed‐control agents.