Evaluation of the caudal cervical articular process joints by using a needle arthroscope in standing horses

Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of caudal cervical articular process joint arthroscopy by using needle arthroscopy in standing sedated horses. Study design Prospective experimental case series. Animals Six adult horses. Methods Three horses underwent exploration of bilateral C5‐6 vertebral articular process joints and three bilateral C6‐7 articular process joints by using a 1.2 × 65‐mm needle arthroscope under standing sedation. The 16‐gauge arthroscopic trocar and canula assembly was inserted in the desired articular process joint under ultrasonographic guidance without distention of the joint. Results All 12 articular process joints were successfully explored. Entering the joint on the first attempt was achieved in 10 of 12 joints. A craniodorsal approach for arthroscope insertion allowed evaluation of the most cranial aspect of the articular cartilage surface. Triangulation with a spinal needle was determined to be difficult and resulted in a limited space for movement. Conclusion Needle arthroscopy of the caudal cervical facet joints was performed safely and efficiently in standing sedated horses. Clinical significance Standing cervical articular process needle arthroscopy is a minimal morbidity technique with the potential to be an advantageous technique for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical articular process pathology.