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Chondrogenic differentiation potential of adult and fetal equine cell types
Author(s) -
Adam Emma N.,
Janes Jennifer,
Lowney Rachael,
Lambert Joshua,
Thampi Parvathy,
Stromberg Arnold,
MacLeod James N.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
veterinary surgery
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.652
H-Index - 79
eISSN - 1532-950X
pISSN - 0161-3499
DOI - 10.1111/vsu.13183
Subject(s) - chondrogenesis , mesenchymal stem cell , cartilage , aggrecan , bone marrow , adipose tissue , andrology , microbiology and biotechnology , progenitor cell , chondrocyte , fetus , medicine , immunology , anatomy , biology , pathology , stem cell , osteoarthritis , articular cartilage , pregnancy , genetics , alternative medicine
Objective To determine the chondrogenic potential of cells derived from interzone tissue, the normal progenitor of articular cartilage during fetal development, compared to that of adult bone marrow‐derived and adipose‐derived mesenchymal cell isolates. The objective of this study was to compare the chondrogenic potential of fetal musculoskeletal progenitor cells to adult cell types, which are currently used therapeutically to facilitate joint cartilage repair in equine clinical practice. The hypothesis tested was that cells derived from interzone tissue have a chondrogenic potential that exceeds that of adult bone marrow‐derived and adipose‐derived mesenchymal cell isolates. Study design In vitro study. Animals Six young adult horses (15–17 months of age) and 6 equine fetuses aged 45–46 days of gestation. Methods Three‐dimensional pellet cultures were established under chondrogenic conditions with fresh, primary cells isolated from adult (articular cartilage, bone marrow, adipose, dermis) and fetal (interzone, skeletal anlagen cartilage, dermis) tissues. Cellular morphology, pellet architecture, and proteoglycan synthesis were assessed in the pellet cultures. Steady state levels of ACAN (aggrecan core protein), COL2A1 (collagen type II), and COL1A1 (collagen type I) messenger RNA (mRNA) were compared among these cell types as pellet cultures and monolayer cultures. Results Adult articular chondrocytes, fetal interzone cells, and fetal anlage cells generated the largest pellets under these chondrogenic culture conditions. Pellets derived from adult articular chondrocytes and fetal anlage cells had the highest scores on a neocartilage grading scale. Fetal anlage and adult articular chondrocyte pellets had low steady‐state levels of COL1A mRNA but high COL2A1 expression. Anlage chondrocyte pellets also had the highest expression of ACAN . Conclusion Adult articular chondrocytes, fetal interzone cells, and fetal anlage chondrocytes exhibited the highest chondrogenic potential. In this study, adult adipose‐derived cells exhibited very limited chondrogenesis, and bone marrow‐derived cells had limited and variable chondrogenic potential. Clinical significance Additional investigation of the high chondrogenic potential of fetal interzone cells and anlage chondrocytes to advance cell‐based therapies in diarthrodial joints is warranted.

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