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Human platelet antigens – 2013
Author(s) -
Curtis B. R.,
McFarland J. G.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
vox sanguinis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.68
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1423-0410
pISSN - 0042-9007
DOI - 10.1111/vox.12085
Subject(s) - neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia , abo blood group system , immunology , antigen , platelet , platelet membrane glycoprotein , platelet disorder , isoantibodies , antibody , allele , human leukocyte antigen , biology , medicine , genetics , fetus , gene , pregnancy
To date, 33 human platelet alloantigens ( HPA s) have been identified on six functionally important platelet glycoprotein ( GP ) complexes and have been implicated in alloimmune platelet disorders including foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia ( FNAIT ), posttransfusion purpura ( PTP ) and multitransfusion platelet refractoriness ( MPR ). The greatest number of recognized HPA (20 of 33) resides on the GPII b/ III a complex, which serves as the receptor for ligands important in mediating haemostasis and inflammation. These include HPA ‐1a, the most commonly implicated HPA in FNAIT and PTP in Caucasian populations. Other platelet GP complexes, GPI b/V/ IX , GPI a/ II a and CD 109, express the remaining 13 HPA s. Of the recognized HPA s, 12 occur as six serologically and genetically defined biallelic ‘systems’ where the –a form designates the higher frequency allele and the –b form, the lower. Twenty‐one other HPA s are low‐frequency or rare antigens for which postulated higher frequency –a alleles have not yet been identified as antibody specificities. In addition to the HPA markers, platelets also express ABO and human leucocyte antigen ( HLA ) antigens; antibodies directed at the former are occasionally important in FNAIT , and to the latter, in MPR .