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Epidemiology of ocular disorders presumed to be inherited in three small Italian dog breeds in Italy
Author(s) -
Guandalini Adolfo,
Di Girolamo Nicola,
Corvi Roberta,
Santillo Daniele,
Andreani Valentina,
Pinzo Barbara
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
veterinary ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.594
H-Index - 50
eISSN - 1463-5224
pISSN - 1463-5216
DOI - 10.1111/vop.12542
Subject(s) - breed , epidemiology , medicine , population , keratoconjunctivitis , ophthalmology , dermatology , biology , genetics , environmental health
Objective To describe the prevalence and the types of eye disorders that are known or presumed to be inherited ( KP ‐ HED ) in three small Italian dog breeds. Animals Three small Italian dog breeds: Maltese, Bolognese, and Italian Greyhound. Procedures All dogs of the breeds selected for this prospective observational study that underwent a complete ophthalmic examination between 1994 and 2015 were included. General and proportional KP ‐ HED prevalence with 95% confidence intervals were reported. Results Three hundred and six of 462 dogs were affected by at least one KP ‐ HED (66.2%; 95% CI : 61.8%–70.4%). In the entire population, the five most common KP ‐ HED were cataract ( n = 122; rate on the total number of KP ‐ HED : 31.4%), entropion ( n = 56; 14.4%), keratoconjunctivitis sicca ( n = 33; 8.5%), retinal dysplasia ( n = 24; 6.2%), and persistent pupillary membrane (iris to iris) ( n = 21; 5.4%). The most common KP ‐ HED in each breed were cataracts in the Maltese (35.1%) and in the Bolognese (24.2%), and presentation of vitreous in the anterior chamber in the Italian Greyhound (46.7%). Conclusions Clinicians should be aware of KP ‐ HED that commonly affect three small Italian dog breeds. Breed standards should be reconsidered, and breeding programs should be directed at limiting such disorders.