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A morphometric study of the canine skull and periorbita and its implications for regional ocular anesthesia
Author(s) -
Klaumann Paulo Roberto,
Moreno Juan Carlos Duque,
MontianiFerreira Fabiano
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
veterinary ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.594
H-Index - 50
eISSN - 1463-5224
pISSN - 1463-5216
DOI - 10.1111/vop.12471
Subject(s) - cadaver , skull , anatomy , nasion , nuclear medicine , medicine , mathematics
Objective A hypothetical relationship between canine cranial length and the length of the periorbita could be used for intraconal anesthetic volume estimation. Study subjects Forty‐one canine cadaver heads and one macerated dog skull. Procedures Inion and nasion points were recognized in the macerated skull and used as landmarks for cranial length measure. Thirty cadavers classified as dolichocephalic, mesaticephalic and brachycephalic were distributed in three study groups. Anatomic references of the skull shapes were recognized and parameters measured: body weight ( BW ), cranial length ( L cr ) and length of the periorbita ( L po ). Results were compared and statistical analyses were performed to find correlations between BW and the skull parameters. Contrast medium was injected in another 11 cadavers with a total volume calculated based on L cr (10 cadavers) or BW (one cadaver) and then submitted to computerized tomography examination to compare techniques, estimate the capacity of the intraconal space of the periorbita and to illustrate practical implications. Results There is a positive correlation between BW and L po ( P < 0.001) as well as between L cr and L po ( P < 0.0001). Linear regression of the variable BW predicts only 71% of the variable L po ( r 2 = 0.71), whereas the variable L cr predicts 88% ( r 2 = 0.88) of L po . Conclusions This study demonstrated a mathematical relation between L cr and L po . A method for calculating anesthetic solution volumes based on canine morphometric features is presented. The formula 0.1 mL /cm L cr to calculate total intraconal anesthetic volume is suggested.